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␈↓↓␈↓α␈↓β␈↓∧␈↓¬␈↓↓␈↓ ↓H
What You Should Know about Computers␈↓ ↓H
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1.  The difference between computers and calculators␈↓ ↓H
2.  What computers are NOT␈↓ ↓H
3.  Why do we need computers?␈↓ ↓H
4.  The speed and accuracy of the modern computer␈↓ ↓H
␈↓β5.  Early history␈↓ ↓H
␈↓α6.  Charles Babbage and his Analytical Engine␈↓ ↓H
7.  The 4 parts of any computer␈↓ ↓H
8.  Programming␈↓ ↓H
9.  What computers are now doing␈↓ ↓H
10. What computers will be doing soon␈↓ ↓H
11. The long range future of computers␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓Computers vs Calculators␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓α1. Size and cost␈↓ ↓H
2. Permanent files␈↓ ↓H
3. The stored program␈↓ ↓H
4. Multiplicity of steps␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓What Computers are Not␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓α1.  Computers are not magic␈↓ ↓H
2.  They have no will of their own␈↓ ↓H
3.  They do only what they are told␈↓ ↓H
4.  G.I.G.O (Garbage In, Garbage Out)␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓Why use Computers?␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓α1. People are too slow␈↓ ↓H
2. People make mistakes␈↓ ↓H
3. People are too expensive␈↓ ↓H
4. Not enough people to do the work␈↓ ↓H
5. Many things impossible without computers␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓Speed, Accuracy and Reliability␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓α1. One million times as fast␈↓ ↓H
2. One million times as accurate␈↓ ↓H
3. Computers usually do not get sick␈↓ ↓H
4. Automatic error checking techniques␈↓ ↓H
5. Cross-footing and Double-entry techniques␈↓ ↓H
6. Computers are often blamed for human errors␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓Early History␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓α1. The abacus␈↓ ↓H
2. Multiplying MDCXVIII by MDCCCCLII␈↓ ↓H
3. Arib numerals and positional notation␈↓ ↓H
4. Baise Pascal (1642)␈↓ ↓H
5. Leibnitz (1671) ␈↓ ↓H
7. Jacquard (1800)␈↓ ↓H
8. Charles Babbage (1812 and 1833)␈↓ ↓H
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␈↓↓Charles Babbage (1792-1871)␈↓ ↓H
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1.  Taught himself mathematics␈↓ ↓H
2.  Entered Cambridge (knowing more math than his tutor)␈↓ ↓H
3.  Founded the Anayltical Society ␈↓ ↓H
4.  The Difference Engine (1812)␈↓ ↓H
5.  The Analytical Engine (1833)␈↓ ↓H
6.  Lady Lovelace's contributions␈↓ ↓H
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The Analytical Engine␈↓ ↓H
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1.  ␈↓ ↓H
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"Man has in a single generation found himself sharing␈↓ ↓H
the world with a strange new species: the computer and␈↓ ↓H
computer-like machines.␈↓ ↓H
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Though only some of us deal directly with computers, all␈↓ ↓H
of us are falling under the shadow of their ever-growing␈↓ ↓H
influence, and thus all of us need to understand their␈↓ ↓H
capabilities and their limitations."  Marvin Minsky␈↓ ↓H
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"Be not frightened; trade could not be handled by those␈↓ ↓H
who handle it, if it had much difficulty."  Samuel␈↓ ↓H
Johnson␈↓ ↓H
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"The four rules of arithmetic may be regarded as the␈↓ ↓H
complete equipment of the mathematician."  James Clerk␈↓ ↓H
Maxwell␈↓ ↓H
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"A computing machine in action is more than the␈↓ ↓H
concatenation of relays and storage mechanisms which the␈↓ ↓H
designer has built into it."  Norbert Wiener␈↓ ↓H
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"The whole of chemistry, and with it crystallography,␈↓ ↓H
would become a branch of mathematical analysis which,␈↓ ↓H
like astronomy, takeing its constants from observation,␈↓ ↓H
would enable us to predict the character of any new␈↓ ↓H
compound, and possibly the source from which its␈↓ ↓H
formation might be anticipated."  Charles Babbage␈↓ ↓H
␈↓ αH␈↓ βHBabbage's Analytical Engine␈↓ ↓H
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"Apart from the question of its saving labour in operations␈↓ ↓H
now possible, we think that the existance of an instrument␈↓ ↓H
of this kind would place within reach much which, if not␈↓ ↓H
actually impossible, has been too close to the limits of␈↓ ↓H
human endurance to be practically available."  A committee␈↓ ↓H
of the British Association in 1872␈↓ ↓H
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As true today for the Computer as it was then with the␈↓ ↓H
addition that many (real time) operations are now possible␈↓ ↓H
which simply could not otherwise be done fast enough, such,␈↓ ↓H
for example, as controlling a satelite or space vehicle.␈↓ ↓H
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